Healthcare is a complex adaptive structure. The people who work in healthcare have individual behaviors as well as collective behaviors. NI aligns with technology in the healthcare workforce to bring about stable behaviors in multiple settings. For example, the implementation of automated hand hygiene technology can be used to provide infection control feedback to healthcare workers. Health 4.0 is not only meant to improve our efficiency and effectiveness in healthcare but to assist in creating autonomous and smart industrial operations. Healthcare processes have multiple interdependent components and their variability needs to be evaluated and continually monitored as standards of care and policies are implemented and evolved.
Project management (PM) is a basic organizational framework that includes five phases: design, planning, application, regulation, and conclusion. The PM framework includes a suite of tools that are used to structure goals and objectives when completing planned tasks. These tools include but are not limited to the scope, charter, SWOT Analysis, risk plan, and communication plan we completed this semester (Sipes, 2020). It is a method of thought and attention to detail that is used to maximize the success of any project by keeping a sustained focus on details (Howarth et al., 2017).
PM is used in a variety of industries besides healthcare including engineering, construction, academic research, and technology. PM aligns with technology in healthcare as the driving force behind change initiated in the HiTech Act in 2009 (Sipes, 2020) and the continuing work on usability, interoperability, sustainability, and decision support. PM aligns with everyday practices in nursing through the use of assessment, diagnosis, planning, implementation, and evaluation found in the nursing process (Sipes, 2020). It can also be used in nursing care planning through the formulation of a set of interrelated tasks within a specific timeline (Sipes, 2020). PM is a proven method of organizing the human thought process and has demonstrated successful application in practice across a multitude of domains.